PWM, or Pulse Width Modulation, is an integrated circuit power management device designed to control the outputs of analogue devices with digital signals. These ICs regulate and reduce the electrical signal’s average power, chopped into miniature parts within a wide variety of electrical designs and electronic circuits.
The function of PWMs is explained as follows:
As electronic circuits are broadly comprised of both analogue and digital signals, their signal forms remain in different states within circuits. In the case of analogue signals, they remain OFF or ON or even in a halfway position. On the other hand, digital signals will either be ON or OFF. The PWM converts the output of a device such as a microcontroller into analogue signals to drive the following analogue component. Devices such as DAC (Digital to Analogue Converter) and ADC (Analogue to Digital Converter) are used to convert the inputs.
What is a PWM Duty Cycle?
PWM signals feature rectangular pulse waves and have a frequency and a duty cycle. A duty cycle is a percentage (%) that denotes the time intervals the signal is on. For instance, the duty cycle of 50% is the signal’s time period that remains on and off for 50%.
What are the different types of PWD devices?
Pulse width modulation has the following types.
- PWM Switching Regulators- Designed to maintain a constant output voltage by feeding back input voltage through a PWM controller.
- PWM Voltage Mode Controllers- designed to work by applying a PWM ramp (Vramp) input and control voltage (Vc).
- PWM Current Mode Controllers- They produce a PWM ramp by adding a second loop that feeds back to the inductor current.
What are the common uses of PWM devices?
These power management ICs are widely found in:
- Communication Systems
- Electric Vehicles
- Heaters/HVAC
- LED Lighting
- Lamps
- Motors
- Robotics
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