2D Materials

Two-Dimensional materials are known as an emerging class of nano-structured low-dimensional materials. The change in properties results from the reduction in the dimensionality of the 2D material, which means that they are often appropriate for applications where the bulk material would be unsuitable. 2D material exhibit remarkable applications; however, the world of 2D still needs to be discovered because many other discoveries are on their way.

Materials at the Nanoscale

The groundwork of innovation is the comprehension of material frameworks. Explicit material properties are required relying upon the application. For instance, the electrical conductivity of copper is taken advantage of to build circuits, the compressive strength of cement is expected to make high rises, and the sturdiness and malleability of vulcanized elastic are significant for vehicle tires. The more we comprehend the properties of a material, the further we can push innovation.

When we ponder the properties of a material, we frequently feel that they depend entirely on what lies under the surface of the material. Metal behaviors power because its particles are kept intact with metallic bonds - which leave electrons allowed to float through the material when an electric field is applied. Concrete areas of strength for is it contains concrete that inflexibly locks incompressible bits of sand and rock together. Vulcanized rubber is malleable yet at the same time solid since it is made of adjustable polymer chains that are immovably connected.

Classification of 2D Materials

2D materials are usually classified based on the complete number of their nanoscopic dimensions:

• If all three materials are nano-sized, then it is known as an OD or zero-dimensional material, more commonly called a nanoparticle. 
• If two dimensions of the material are nano-sized, and the other dimension is much larger, then it is a 1D material known as nanotube or nanowire.
• If now only one dimension is nano-sized, then it is called a 2D material similar to a large but thin sheet, just like a piece of paper. 
• At last, if it does not consist of any tiny dimensions to be taken as nano-sized, then it is not known as a nanomaterial. Instead, it will be known as a bulk material, the class commonly used in daily life. 
• In the case of 2D materials, you can sometimes decrease the thickness of the material to a single atom. This is a situation for the most popular 2D material known as graphene, where some notable changes in properties might occur.

Applications of 2D Material

2D materials are most suitable for applications where bulk material is unsuitable. Some of the most important applications of 2D materials include:

• Transistors and sensors
• Photodetectors
• Battery electrodes
• Topological insulators
• Valleytronics
• Why are 2D materials Different from Bulk Materials?
• There are three major reasons why 2D materials differ from bulk materials:
• Removal of van der walls interactions
• An increase in the ratio of surface area to volume
• Confinement of electronics in a plane

How to Make 2D Materials?

There are two key methods to make 2D materials:

Top-Down

This method usually starts with bulk material and makes it thinner.

Bottom-Up

In this method, you begin with the atomic ingredients and then bring them together. 

Each of these methods then includes some other subcategories with advantages and disadvantages.