Linear and switching regulators are voltage regulating devices or circuits designed to maintain voltages in various devices in the event of load conditions or voltage fluctuations. These devices use switch-mode and linear regulation mechanisms to construct circuits allowing DC-DC conversion and voltage regulation functions. They offer combined efficiency benefits by using different techniques to achieve higher efficiency requirements. Additionally, these regulators meet the overall system requirements, such as thermal and efficiency, with low-noise qualities.
What are Linear Regulators?
Linear voltage regulators act as variable resistors to maintain a constant output voltage in various circuits. They are step-down converters, meaning that their input voltage is higher than their output voltage. Furthermore, a standard voltage regulator features a resistor and a Zener diode; however, the complex regulator versions come with a voltage reference and other elements, including amplifiers. Special regulator types, like LDO (Dropout Voltage Regulators), operate even if both voltages are very close to each other. In addition, such devices offer low-noise and excellent ripple rejection qualities to maintain a constant and stable power supply.
What are the Switching Regulators?
Switching regulators are circuits designed to convert input current/voltage into output current/voltage in various electronic systems and devices. The circuits are also referred to as converters due to their robust conversion, regulation, and ability to maintain stable output voltage in various circuits. They are more efficient than linear regulators in conversion efficiency, power management, and life span and do not require external capacitors. In addition, they come as step-up or boost regulators to boost the output voltage and step-down or buck-boost regulators to reverse or reduce the output voltage concerning the input voltage.
What are the Necessary Considerations When Choosing Linear and Switching Regulators?
The selection criteria depend on the type of application and devices. However, some of the basic parameters when selecting these devices include:
- Efficiency
- Design Flexibility
- Size
- Total Cost
- Complexity
- Noise/Ripple/EMI
- VIN Range.
What are the Uses of Linear and Switching Regulators?
Depending on the regulator type, they offer various applications in various environments and applications. Linear regulators are mostly used in:
- Power Generation Systems
- Computers
- Mobile Phones
- TVs
Switching regulators are the essential components of:
- Battery-Powered Portable Electronic Equipment
- Digital Cameras
- Game Consoles
- Controllers
- Protection Purposes (Short-circuits, over-, and under-voltage)
- Protect electronic systems from overtemperature.
